Yes, you can change IDEBuildOperationMaxNumberOfConcurrentCompileTasks by setting defaults write com.apple.dt.Xcode IDEBuildOperationMaxNumberOfConcurrentCompileTasks 14 or whatever, and this will effect all Xcode builds that start after that. Also, this will effect the command-line xcodebuild (but there, you can control it for each build with -jobs argument).
Topic:
Developer Tools & Services
SubTopic:
Xcode
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